* changed queue to set in AC3

Changed queue to set in AC3 (as in the pseudocode of the original algorithm) to reduce the number of consistency-check due to the redundancy of the same arcs in queue. For example, on the harder1 configuration of the Sudoku CSP the number consistency-check has been reduced from 40464 to 12562!

* re-added test commented by mistake

* added the mentioned AC4 algorithm for constraint propagation

AC3 algorithm has non-optimal worst case time-complexity O(cd^3 ), while AC4 algorithm runs in O(cd^2) worst case time

* added doctest in Sudoku for AC4 and and the possibility of choosing the constant propagation algorithm in mac inference

* removed useless doctest for AC4 in Sudoku because AC4's tests are already present in test_csp.py

* added map coloring SAT problems

* fixed typo errors and removed unnecessary brackets

* reformulated the map coloring problem

* Revert "reformulated the map coloring problem"

This reverts commit 20ab0e5afa238a0556e68f173b07ad32d0779d3b.

* Revert "fixed typo errors and removed unnecessary brackets"

This reverts commit f743146c43b28e0525b0f0b332faebc78c15946f.

* Revert "added map coloring SAT problems"

This reverts commit 9e0fa550e85081cf5b92fb6a3418384ab5a9fdfd.

* Revert "removed useless doctest for AC4 in Sudoku because AC4's tests are already present in test_csp.py"

This reverts commit b3cd24c511a82275f5b43c9f176396e6ba05f67e.

* Revert "added doctest in Sudoku for AC4 and and the possibility of choosing the constant propagation algorithm in mac inference"

This reverts commit 6986247481a05f1e558b93b2bf3cdae395f9c4ee.

* Revert "added the mentioned AC4 algorithm for constraint propagation"

This reverts commit 03551fbf2aa3980b915d4b6fefcbc70f24547b03.

* added map coloring SAT problem

* fixed build error

* Revert "added map coloring SAT problem"

This reverts commit 93af259e4811ddd775429f8a334111b9dd9e268c.

* Revert "fixed build error"

This reverts commit 6641c2c861728f3d43d3931ef201c6f7093cbc96.

* added map coloring SAT problem

* removed redundant parentheses

* changed queue to set in AC3

Changed queue to set in AC3 (as in the pseudocode of the original algorithm) to reduce the number of consistency-check due to the redundancy of the same arcs in queue. For example, on the harder1 configuration of the Sudoku CSP the number consistency-check has been reduced from 40464 to 12562!

* re-added test commented by mistake

`usa` in csp.py incorrectly has NM not being a neighbor with AZ.

Otherwise `csp.curr_domains` may not be available for the loop that follows.

* test commit

* agents.ipynb

* agents.ipynb

* Fixed all the instances of issue #833

* minor fix and cleared change in agents.ipynb

* added submodule

* fixed ac3 in csp.py

* added a test to verify the modified ac3 algorithm in csp.py

* Update .gitmodules

* removed flake8 errors

* fixed remaining flake8 errors

* fixed loop

* added space

* Update csp.py

* Add test

* Fix flake8 warnings

* Remove unnecessary #noqa

* Fix doctest

* Exclude test files from flake8 check

* Fix flake8 for main files

* Add flake8 check to build

* Implement Topological Sort

- Implemented topological_sort
- Added auxiliary function build_topological
- Updated call to topological_sort

* Use defaultdict to build visited

* Added test

* Update csp.py

Skip first item of iteration

* Update some comments

* Cleanup and remove some duplicate initialization

* Fix some comments quotation and little bugs: raising Exception instead of raising Failure, random.randrange(a,b) instead of random(a, b)

* Fix some comments quotation and remove explicit inheritance from object

* Fix 'r' in front of the ```parse_csv``` comments

* Fix quotation in comments

* Fix quotation in comments and fix bug in 'KB_AgentProgram'

* Modern string formatting in csp.py.

* Modern string formatting in games.py.

* Modern string formatting in learning.py.

* Modern string formatting in nlp.py.

* Modern string formatting in probability.py.

* Modern string formatting in search.py.

* Replaced {0\!r} by {} if %s.

* Corrected a typo.

Style: delete excess parentheses. In some of these cases you need to read ahead to see that the paren is not introducing a tuple, for example.

* Replaced mean with standard lib function introduced in 3.4

* #TODO Replaced every with all

* Proper names for variables introduced in 2to3 conversion.

* modifies Fig. to Figure all over the repository

* fixed a small type in logic.py

* Made Log Usage Consistent in text.py

* Added Explicit Imports from utils

Remove count_if, find_if, every, some, Struct; replace them with modern
Python equivalents.

- Fix relative imports in base of is a package or not
- Fix not working notebooks
- Add notebooks to packages sources

Used tool 2to3 to finish the porting to Python 3 plus some fixes by
hand.

These functions, which I had to implement in Python 2.2, are now
available in standard Python.